Outcomes of a Pilot Contribution Database for the ICU Pharmacy Team at the University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust

Introduction It has long been felt that many contributions made by the ICU Pharmacy team, are not well showcased by the yearly regional network multi-speciality contributions audit. Themes specific to ICU are diluted amongst Trust and region wide data, and valuable learning for the multi-disciplinary team (MDT) is subsequently overlooked. Objective(s): The aims of this project were to: * Develop and pilot a MicrosoftTM Access © database for the ICU pharmacy team to record significant contributions. * Enable the production of reports to the ICU Quality & Safety board, to raise awareness, disseminate concerns, and influence future quality improvement projects. * Provide examples to contribute to the training of the whole MDT. * Generate evidence of team effectiveness and encourage further investment. * Provide team members with a means to recall contributions, for revalidation, appraisal, prescribing re-affirmation and framework mapping. Method(s): * A database was built with a user-friendly data-entry form to prevent overwriting. Fields were agreed with peers who would be using the database. * The team were invited to voluntarily enter their contributions which they thought added value and provided useful learning. * The pilot phase ceased with the emergence of the Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant, due to staffing pressures and surge planning. Result(s): * Between 12/07/2021 and 25/11/2021, a total of 211 contributions were recorded. * Pharmacists entered 88.6% and a single technician entered 11.4% of these. * Independent Prescribing was utilised in 52.13% of contributions, and deprescribing in 25.12%. * Figure 1 demonstrates the contributions by drug group * The top 5 drugs associated with contributions were: ? Dalteparin ? Vancomycin ? Voriconazole ? Meropenem ? Co-trimoxazole * Treatment optimisation was an outcome for 76.3% of all contributions. Figure 2 stratifies these by type. Contributions. * Drug suitability was a cause for intervention in 12.8% of all contributions, encompassing allergies, contraindications, cautions and interactions and routes. * Medicines reconciliation accounted for 17.54% of all contributions, which almost half were Technician led. Admission was the most common stage to intervene (81.08%), followed by transcription. * Of all contributions, 37.91% were classified as patient safety incidents. Reassuringly 76.25% of these were prevented by the Pharmacy team. Themes have been extracted from these incidents and are presented in Table 1. Conclusion(s): PROTECTED-UK1 demonstrated the value pharmacists contribute to the quality and safety of patient care on ICU. Studies of similar quality and scale including Pharmacy Technicians are lacking, but even in this pilot study, it is evident how important their input is. Independent prescribing is a fundamental and well utilised part of our ICU Pharmacist skillset, supporting the GPICS2 recommendation that ICU pharmacists should be encouraged to become prescribers. Compiling a team interventions database is a useful tool to highlight local priority areas for guideline development;training;and ensuring that appropriate decision support is built into electronic prescribing systems. To improve the usefulness of the data, further stratification of contributions according to the Eadon Criteria3 may be worthwhile, to expand its use as a medication safety thermometer for ICU.

Research on 5.5 mu m Infrared Filter Applied to Infrared Thermometer

With the expansion of novel coronavirus pneumonia's influence on the world, people's dependence on infrared thermometer guns is increasing. In order to improve the measurement accuracy of the infrared temperature measuring gun and meet the requirements of rapid and accurate measurement of human body temperature, the core components for the infrared temperature measuring gun are developed and prepared in this paper. The film fogging phenomenon caused by the anisotropy of metal germanium and semiconductor properties is analysed and solved by measuring the atomic force microscope image and infrared spectrum of the film, the 5.5-micron infrared filter with high transmittance and good film quality was prepared by electron beam evaporation, resistance evaporation and ion source assisted deposition.

Design and Implementation of a Non-contact Thermometer that Records Body Temperature Individually using Forehead Wrinkle Image

With the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, there has been a significant increase in the opportunities to measure body temperature when using public facilities and to check one's daily health condition. Standing thermometer and handheld devices have been introduced due to their non-contact features. On the other hand, the standing thermometer requires a large space for installation and the person need to move to the front of the device. In this study, we propose a non-contact thermometer that identifies individuals by acquiring images of wrinkles from a camera module and records body temperature individually. The wrinkle image is cropped and then gamma correction removal and grayscaling are applied. The images are fed into a convolutional neural network for the identification. The experiment using images obtained with a smartphone camera from 12 subjects confirmed that individuals could be identified with an average F-value of 0.94. The experiment using images obtained with the proposed device from five subjects confirmed that the identification accuracy exceeded F-value of 0.93 for all subjects. © 2022 ACM.

Characteristics and Outcomes of Covid-19 in an Early-Treated Hiv Cohort in Thailand

Background: Emerging data indicate that people with HIV (PWH) are at risk of more severe outcomes from COVID-19. We described the clinical course and laboratory parameters pre-and post-COVID-19 in an early-treated HIV cohort in Thailand. Method(s): RV254 cohort participants were enrolled during Fiebig I-V acute HIV and initiated antiretroviral therapy (ART) within days. They underwent regular blood tests (CD4+ & CD8+ T-cell counts, HIV RNA), neuropsychiatric (NP) assessment (Color Trails 1 & 2, non-dominant hand Grooved Pegboard, Trails Making A), and mood questionnaires (Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Distress Thermometer) post-enrollment longitudinally. Their assessment outcomes pre-and post-COVID-19 were compared using Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) with a normal distribution and identity link (CD4+, CD8+ T-cell counts, NP parameters) or binomial distribution with log link (HIV RNA), and autoregressive correlation structure. Result(s): Between 4/2021 and 9/2022, 295 participants on ART (98% male, median age 32 [IQR 28-37] were diagnosed with COVID-19. Of these, 16(5%), 38(13%) and 241(82%) were infected with alpha, delta and o variants, determined by the predominant strain circulating in Thailand at the time of infection;238(81%) received >=2 doses of COVID-19 vaccines prior to diagnosis;121(41%) received favipiravir. While 106 (36%) were managed in hospital or 'hospitel', including one intensive care unit admission, only 4(1.4%) received supplemental oxygen and none required mechanical ventilation (mean length of stay: 12 days). The participants were followed a median of 8 [IQR 5-15] weeks post-COVID. Comparing the outcomes pre-and post-COVID, plasma HIV suppression rate remained stable (98% vs. 96%, p=0.212). CD4+ (782 [IQR 708-856] vs. 823 [IQR 748-899], p=0.018) and CD8+ (622 [IQR 563-681] vs. 667 [IQR 605-728], p=0.023) T-cell counts were higher at follow-up after adjusting for age, sex, and duration between COVID-19 diagnosis and follow-up. The increasing trends of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell were sustained on subsequent visits. Mood scores and NP performance (n=217) were stable at follow-up. Conclusion(s): In this cohort of young PWH on stable ART, we did not observe major clinical adverse events after COVID-19. Increases of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell counts were observed while mood and NP parameters remained stable. More extensive NP assessment with incorporation of multimodal imaging outcomes and longer follow-up are needed to determine the long-term sequelae of COVID-19 in PWH.

Impact of providing at-home medical device kits on remote monitoring of individuals with cystic fibrosis

Background: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a chronic, multi-system disease that can greatly affect quality of life, so it is important for people with CF to be closely evaluated. Routine care includes measurement of basic vital signs, which allows providers to assess respiratory, cardiovascular, and nutritional status, all of which are aspects people with CF at high risk of decompensation because of the disease's pathophysiology [1]. Providing patients with home devices can improve access to vital sign monitoring, which in turn can expand the scope of telehealth and bring attention to daily changes in a patient's overall health [2]. We predict that providing patients with medical devices to monitor vitals will benefit their overall health and wellbeing. Method(s): Medical device kits were offered to patients coming for their routine in-person visits at VCU Health Mayland Medical Center. Each kit contained a tape measure, pulse oximeter, thermometer, blood pressure apparatus, and weight scale. Before receiving the kit, patients who agreed to participate in the study filled out a pre-distribution survey that was modeled after the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Health- Related Quality of Life-14. If patients did not know how to use a device, health care staff instructed them on its use. Twoweeks after they received the kit, patients were emailed a post-distribution survey that assessed the usefulness of each medical device. Result(s): Seventeen of 18 patients (94.4%) agreed to participate in the study. From the pre-distribution survey, 11.8% of patients frequently monitored their vitals;94.1% of those believed that using the devices would help improve the maintenance of their health, and 82.3% were aware of normal values for blood pressure, pulse, oxygen level, and body temperature and how to measure height and weight. All six of the 17 (35.3%) patients who responded to the post-distribution survey stated that the devices had worked as intended and that they did not find the devices too time consuming. Of the five devices that patients received, most patients found the pulse oximeter and blood pressure apparatus to be useful (100%), followed by the weight machine (75%), thermometer (50%), and tape measure (0%). Conclusion(s): Although most patients agreed that monitoring their vital signs at home would help maintain or enhance their health (94.1%), before this study, only two (11.8%) indicated that they regularly self-measured their vital signs. Overall, patients received being provided home devices was overall positively, with the pulse oximeter and blood pressure apparatus being the most popular. Reasons included ease of access and ability to self-triage and determine the urgency of seeing a health care provider if feeling unwell. The results of this study highlight not only patient desires to be more involved with their health, but also the importance of continuing to find ways to optimize remote monitoring during this COVID era.Copyright © 2022, European Cystic Fibrosis Society. All rights reserved

Do Infrared Thermometers Hold Promise for an Effective Early Warning System for Emerging Respiratory Infectious Diseases?

BACKGROUND: Major respiratory infectious diseases, such as influenza, SARS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2, have caused historic global pandemics with severe disease and economic burdens. Early warning and timely intervention are key to suppress such outbreaks. OBJECTIVE: We propose a theoretical framework for a community-based early warning (EWS) system that will proactively detect temperature abnormalities in the community based on a collective network of infrared thermometer-enabled smartphone devices. METHODS: We developed a framework for a community-based EWS and demonstrated its operation with a schematic flowchart. We emphasize the potential feasibility of the EWS and potential obstacles. RESULTS: Overall, the framework uses advanced artificial intelligence (AI) technology on cloud computing platforms to identify the probability of an outbreak in a timely manner. It hinges on the detection of geospatial temperature abnormalities in the community based on mass data collection, cloud-based computing and analysis, decision-making, and feedback. The EWS may be feasible for implementation considering its public acceptance, technical practicality, and value for money. However, it is important that the proposed framework work in parallel or in combination with other early warning mechanisms due to a relatively long initial model training process. CONCLUSIONS: The framework, if implemented, may provide an important tool for important decisions for early prevention and control of respiratory diseases for health stakeholders.

Covid-19 Technology Assessment Service

Purpose: As the COVID-19 emergency evolved, a wide range of 'new' technology based solutions were offered to meet clinical and occupational health needs in Europe. This technology extended beyond the standard medical devices usually deployed in clinical settings, and therefore required rapid assessment of suitability for use in hospitals. Here we describe a hospital-based COVID-19 technology assessment service (www.misa.ie/researchdevelopment/ bioengineering-lab/technology-assessment) that was developed and share our experience of its implementation. Material(s) and Method(s): A scientifically grounded assessment service was established to evaluate specific technological solutions. This service was led by a team of 2 Senior Medical Physicists and 1 Senior Clinical Engineer, with each assessment drawing on pan-hospital expertise and a specialist technology evaluation infrastructure. Each solution was evaluated using a standardized agile process: 1) user centric needs assessment;2) applicable literature and international standards review;3) balanced risk-benefit assessment;4) initial device functionality and usability assessment;5) in-depth device technical testing and safety assessment;6) rapid communications and detailed reporting;7) support for local clinical implementation/ installation with on-going evaluation. Evaluations were described in the form of short Bulletins with a webpage developed to share these findings internationally. Result(s): To date, a diverse range of technological systems and innovative solutions were evaluated, including thermal cameras for mass temperature screening, baby monitor devices for isolation room communications, augmented reality systems, a varied range of thermometers, and connected health technologies for remote working and clinical testing. Substantial variability in quality and standard of systems on offer was identified, with potential patient risks highlighted and mitigated. Critical success factors of the assessment service identified include: a central focus on the impact of solutions on both patients and staff, accessible local scientific and technical expertise supporting real-world testing and user feedback, an agile process which was responsive to high levels of uncertainty and a rapid communications process that was adaptive, responsive and connected both locally and nationally. Conclusion(s): Emergency situations, while challenging, are a huge stimulus for healthcare system-wide changes where barriers to technological innovation are significantly reduced, providing significant opportunities for adoption of new and innovative solutions. While there is a need for timely and practical technology assessments during an acute emergency, these should still be grounded in well-established scientific and safety principles that prioritize the health and safety of patients, staff and the public. A hospital-based COVID-19 technology assessment service has provided a practical and successful solution to this challenge.Copyright © 2023 Southern Society for Clinical Investigation.

Covid-19 Vest for Social distancing and Monitoring

In recent years, due to the rise in the number of novel coronaviruses across the globe nations step forward to stop the crisis. With guidelines of the WHO many methodologies came into existence to prevent the spreading of coronavirus. My SD: A Smart Social distance and Monitoring System takes advantage of the features of the smartphone's hardware which usually has Bluetooth transmitter-receiver, like GPS to determine the safe distance and required level of compliance. Through artificial intelligence, this new smart device helps maintain uniform social distance and detect COVID 19 patients. In these COVID 19 environments, everyone knows how safe they are. In this paper, we have automated the process whereby the layman can control himself without any priming which makes the system more user-friendly for the public. The user himself or herself can monitor body temperature, social distancing and get an alert in abnormal selfisolation conditions using contactless thermometer, ultrasonic sensors, and GSM modules. © 2022 IEEE.

On the Front Lines: Meaningfully Connecting with Caregiver Participants to Mitigate Moral Distress among Clinical Research Staff

Background/Purpose: The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated moral distress among psycho-oncology clinical research coordinators (CRCs). The current mental health crisis and lack of professional resources, paired with the intensity of CRC-participant communication and supportive nature of CRCs' roles on psychosocial trials, often evoke feelings of powerlessness and guilt among CRCs. However, CRC-participant communication (e.g., consent discussions, qualitative interviews) can also cultivate meaning and purpose for CRCs when vulnerable populations (e.g., cancer caregivers) share their gratitude for clinical trials and the efforts of the research team. This enhanced meaning may alleviate feelings of moral distress. The purpose of this presentation is to examine caregiver participants' appreciation and gratitude for research and discuss the potential avenues for reducing moral distress among CRCs. Method(s): This study was part of a larger RCT of Meaning-Centered Psychotherapy delivered to 60 adult caregivers of patients with Glioblastoma Multiforme who scored > 4 on the Distress Thermometer. A subset of 9 caregivers completed qualitative interviews with a CRC providing feedback on the trial, including perceptions of the initial approach process, which were transcribed and analyzed using an inductive thematic analytic approach. Result(s): All caregivers appreciated being approached for the trial, were grateful for the support CRCs offered, and the opportunity to help other caregivers. Additionally, caregivers shared the belief that psychosocial trials and resources should be offered to all caregivers at the time of diagnosis. This feedback enhances purpose among CRCs and serves as a reminder that their efforts produce meaningful change, which may reduce moral distress. Conclusions and Implications: Caregivers were grateful for the opportunity to participate in research and appreciated the efforts of the CRC. CRCs are uniquely positioned to be gateways for caregivers to receive needed support and acknowledgement which subsequently bolsters meaning and mitigates moral distress. Further research is needed to explore the relationship between moral distress and meaning among research staff.

Self-monitoring using multimodal connected devices in patients with COVID-19 confined at home

Introduction: Covid-19 increased the burden on hospitals for patients with symptoms and potential vital complications. Patient home self-monitoring of clinical signs and physiological safety parameters using connected devices was assessed to better detect patients with indication of rehospitalization. Method(s): After clinical/PCR COVID confirmation, patients were given WITHINGS devices: Scanwatch, a thermometer, a blood pressure monitor, a Sleep analyzer and instructed to take measures twice a day with data retrieved on HealthMate app. Reports and questionnaires on clinical symptoms were sent daily to physicians. Result(s): Ten PCR positive patients were included (5 males): mean age 45.5years [31;67], BMI 26.9kg/m2 [19.7;43.2]. Main COVID symptoms were cough (33%), sore throat (27%), tiredness (36%), dyspnea (37%). Delay between COVID onset and self-monitoring start was 7.7days [0-37]. 8 patients had a good adherence to the protocol up to 30 days. SpO2 and Heart Rate (HR) were most frequently measured: 88 [5-177] and 58 [21-195] measures in average respectively. Five patients with polysomnography had Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI) equivalent to the Sleep analyzer averaged over several nights: AHISA: 8.53[-1;71.4] vs AHIPSG: 13.01[1.49;28.76]. Temperature remained within normal in 9/10 patients. In most patients Breathing rate (BR) decreased, HR decreased or remained steady, nigthtime HR/BR changed similarly. Daily steps increased throughout along with BR reduction. All patients had favorable outcomes without indication of hospitalization. Conclusion(s): Home self-monitoring during a pandemic is feasible. Safety parameters may be effectively monitored by patients and easily reported to their physicians.

A pilot study implementing mood intervention in inpatient stroke rehabilitation with people with aphasia

Introduction: Psychological distress is common in people with aphasia, it causes avoidable suffering and impacts on healthcare outcomes and length of hospital stays. This pilot aimed to implement and evaluate a stepped psychological care approach for people with post-stroke aphasia in inpatient stroke rehabilitation. Method(s): A pathway was created to trial;[1] assessing mood using the Distress Thermometer [2] establishing goals to either improve or maintain mood, [3] creating an intervention plan in line with levels 1-2 of the stepped psychological care approach including mindfulness, behavioural activation, education, peer-group experience, and opportunities for mood discussion. Between June-September 2021, data was collected for all patients with aphasia admitted to the rehabilitation unit including Signs of Depression Screening Scale (SDSS) scores, and therapy assistant/researcher reflections. Result(s): Data was collected for nine patients;due to missing data five complete data sets were included. The pre-intervention median SDSS=3, and post-intervention SDSS=1. Reflection notes indicated positive feedback from two patients, increased rapport, greater role satisfaction, short term mood improvements within sessions. Several interventions were declined;mindfulness (3 patients), group/peer sessions (2 ), behavioural activation (2) and any mood intervention (3). Mood interventions had to be deprioritised at times due to workload. The COVID-19 pandemic also meant some activities were unavailable. Conclusion(s): This pilot showed that not all patients wanted to engage with specific or all mood interventions at this early rehabilitation stage. Further research is needed to establish which patients benefit from which intervention and at what stage it should be offered.

Research on 5.5 μm Infrared Filter Applied to Infrared Thermometer

With the expansion of novel coronavirus pneumonia's influence on the world, people's dependence on infrared thermometer guns is increasing. In order to improve the measurement accuracy of the infrared temperature measuring gun and meet the requirements of rapid and accurate measurement of human body temperature, the core components for the infrared temperature measuring gun are developed and prepared in this paper. The film fogging phenomenon caused by the anisotropy of metal germanium and semiconductor properties is analysed and solved by measuring the atomic force microscope image and infrared spectrum of the film, the 5.5-micron infrared filter with high transmittance and good film quality was prepared by electron beam evaporation, resistance evaporation and ion source assisted deposition. © 2022 IEEE.

The usefulness of modified distress thermometer in screening adolescents with COVID-19 for psychological distress: A prospective study.

BACKGROUND: Children and adolescents are more vulnerable than other age groups to the psychosocial effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic. The modified DT (m-DT) was recently utilized for measuring the prevalence of psychological distress among adult COVID-19 patients. In the current study, we aimed to test the utilization of this m-DT in screening adolescent patients with COVID-19 for psychological distress. METHODS: Egyptian adolescent subjects with suspected or confirmed cases of COVID-19 at a University Hospital were enrolled. Binary logistic regression tests were conducted to explore the association between the m-DT cutoff scores of 4 and the clinical variables. RESULTS: Forty-eight percent (87/182) of the study subjects experienced significant (m-DT score ≥ 4) COVID-19-related distress. There were substantial differences between those with and without considerable distress regarding the length of quarantine, underlying medical disorders, and the presence of chronic respiratory conditions. Length of quarantine time, chronic respiratory disease, worry, and fever were independent factors associated with significant distress in COVID-19 adolescent patients. CONCLUSIONS: Almost half of the enrolled Egyptian adolescents with COVID-19 experienced significant psychological distress. The m-DT was helpful, as the current study had identified length of quarantine time, presence of chronic respiratory disease, worry, and fever as independent factors associated with significant distress in COVID-19 adolescents. Further studies are needed. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Covid Security System Using IOT Monitoring System

Covid Security System is a non-contact sanitizer dispenser, that also monitors vital parameters such as temperature, heart rate, and spo2 sensors based on Internet of Things (IOT) data collection and processing. This device is vital in workplaces like hospitals, colleges, and many more. The system that has the capability to record human body temperature based on contactless mechanism efficiently with pandemic situation has looked up to usage of infrared thermometers. In this paper via our research we realize the human body temperature fast non-contact by utilizing infrared thermometer (MLX90614) along with a pulse oximeter using a pulse sensor (MAX30100) to measure the heart rate in real-time. Parameter like the oxygen level of the user is also rendered and stored on our designed IOT processing framework which can provide alerts both online or offline based on previous maintained records. In this research we have recorded parameters of the sample space comprising of 500 users. The main aspect of the research is the cost affectability where is the system can be easily interfaced with any existing framework of workplaces.

A novel infrared forehead thermometer with ambient temperature compensation for body temperature measurement in low-temperature environment

Body temperature screening and measurement using infrared forehead thermometer (IFT), a non-contact thermometer, is an important method to prevent the spread of COVID-19 at present. However, low accuracy and unreliability of current IFT due to ambient temperature effect prevent it application in most of low-temperature environment. The aim of this study was to measure the body temperature accurately using IFT in low-temperature environment. A novel IFT with broad working temperature range and ambient temperature compensation was designed and fabricated, and the performance was evaluated. Also an ambient temperature compensation method based on Bluetooth module was introduced to improve the accuracy of body temperature measurement for the first time. The experiment results demonstrated that the laboratory indication error and repeatability in test mode of this developed IFT were all below 0.2℃ in ambient temperature range of (3~35) ℃. While the extended uncertainty for laboratory indication error was less than 0.1℃ (k=2). Compared with the contact electronic clinical thermometer, the difference of body temperature was improved within the scope of (-0.3~+0.3)℃ in low-temperature measurement environment. All the results showed that the IFT fabricated in this paper is sufficient and competent for body temperature screening and clinical body temperature measurement in most of low-temperature environment. © 2022 SPIE.

Comparison of Wrist and Forehead Temperature Measurements as Screening Methods during the Covid-19 Pandemic

Background: Temperature screening checkpoints have become prevalent in all public places during the COVID-19 pandemic. Contactless screening methods have been adopted for the early detection and isolation of febrile patients. The tympanic method closely resembles the body core temperature, however, they are not in use due to the disposal charges. This study aims to compare the efficacy of wrist and forehead temperature methods with the standard tympanic temperature. In light of the fact that a large population require rapid screening and that forehead temperature measurement being influenced by the environment, we investigated the accuracy and benefits of wrist temperature measurement in various environments. Material(s) and Method(s): This study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in Perundurai, Tamilnadu. All the visitors who presented to the OPD between 6th April-13th May 2020 were included in the study. The exclusion criteria were those with ear discharge and tympanic membrane perforation. All the participants were made to wait for 10 minutes in the waiting hall to ensure temperature-controlled settings. We consecutively collected wrist, forehead, and tympanic temperature readings of all participants using infrared thermometers. Fever was defined as a temperature above 37.5degreeC. The data was analyzed using the Bland-Altmann plot in MS Excel 2016. Result(s): A total of 514 participants were enrolled in the study. The mean difference ranged from 2.10 to -2.00 for the forehead measurements and 2.00 to -2.00 for wrist measurements. The agreements for each method with tympanic temperature were calculated. (Forehead temperature: 1.23 to -1.17;Wrist temperature: 1.23 to -1.13). Conclusion(s): The study concluded that the wrist temperature was more stable than the forehead temperature. However, these methods did not provide any diagnostic cut-off value. Furthermore, the asymptomatic nature of some COVID-19 cases reduced the sensitivity of these tests. Further studies are advised to explore the validity of wrist temperature. Copyright © 2022 International Journal of Academic Medicine and Pharmacy. All rights reserved.

COVID-19 smart surveillance: Examination of Knowledge of Apps and mobile thermometer detectors (MTDs) in a high-risk society.

Background: Technological innovations gained momentum and supported COVID-19 intelligence surveillance among high-risk populations globally. We examined technology surveillance using mobile thermometer detectors (MTDs), knowledge of App, and self-efficacy as a means of sensing body temperature as a measure of COVID-19 risk mitigation. In a cross-sectional survey, we explored COVID-19 risk mitigation, mobile temperature detectable by network syndromic surveillance mobility, detachable from clinicians, and laboratory diagnoses to elucidate the magnitude of community monitoring. Materials and Methods: In a cross-sectional survey, we create in-depth comprehension of risk mitigation, mobile temperature Thermometer detector, and other variables for surveillance and monitoring among 850 university students and healthcare workers. An applied structural equation model was adopted for analysis with Amos v.24. We established that mobile usability knowledge of APP could effectively aid in COVID-19 intelligence risk mitigation. Moreover, both self-efficacy and mobile temperature positively strengthened data visualization for public health decision-making. Results: The algorithms utilize a validated point-of-center test to ascertain the HealthCode scanning system for a positive or negative COVID-19 notification. The MTD is an alternative personal self-testing procedure used to verify temperature rates based on previous SARS-CoV-2 and future mobility digital health. Personal self-care of MTD mobility and knowledge of mHealth apps can specifically manage COVID-19 mitigation in high or low terrestrial areas. We found mobile usability, mobile self-efficacy, and app knowledge were statistically significant to COVID-19 mitigation. Additionally, interaction strengthened the positive relationship between self-efficacy and COVID-19. Data aggregation is entrusted with government database agencies, using natural language processing and machine learning mechanisms to validate and analyze. Conclusion: The study shows that temperature thermometer detectors, mobile usability, and knowledge of App enhanced COVID-19 risk mitigation in a high or low-risk environment. The standardizing dataset is necessary to ensure privacy and security preservation of data ethics.

Evaluation of a Wearable in-Ear Sensor for Temperature and Heart Rate Monitoring: A Pilot Study.

In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, wearable sensors are important for early detection of critical illness especially in COVID-19 outpatients. We sought to determine in this pilot study whether a wearable in-ear sensor for continuous body temperature and heart rate monitoring (Cosinuss company, Munich) is sufficiently accurate for body temperature and heart rate monitoring. Comparing with several anesthesiologic standard of care monitoring devices (urinary bladder and zero-heat flux thermometer and ECG), we evaluated the in-ear sensor during non-cardiac surgery (German Clinical Trials Register Reg.-No: DRKS00012848). Limits of Agreement (LoA) based on Bland-Altman analysis were used to study the agreement between the in-ear sensor and the reference methods. The estimated LoA of the Cosinuss One and bladder temperature monitoring were [-0.79, 0.49] °C (95% confidence intervals [-1.03, -0.65] (lower LoA) and [0.35, 0.73] (upper LoA)), and [-0.78, 0.34] °C (95% confidence intervals [-1.18, -0.59] (lower LoA) and [0.16, 0.74] (upper LoA)) of the Cosinuss One and zero-heat flux temperature monitoring. 89% and 79% of Cosinuss One temperature monitoring were within ± 0.5 °C limit of bladder and zero-heat flux monitoring, respectively. The estimated LoA of Cosinuss One and ECG heart rate monitoring were [-4.81, 4.27] BPM (95% confidence intervals [-5.09, -4.56] (lower LoA) and [4.01, 4.54] (upper LoA)). The proportion of detection differences within ± 2BPM was 84%. Body temperature and heart rate were reliably measured by the wearable in-ear sensor.

Role of Technology in Detection of COVID-19.

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus caused coronavirus infection termed as COVID-19, an illness that has spread devastation all over the world. It was developed first in China and had swiftly spread throughout the world. COVID has created imposed burden on health in the lives of all individuals around the globe. This article provides a number of unprecedented detection technologies used in the detection of infection. COVID has created a large number of symptoms in the young, adolescent as well as elderly population. Old age people are susceptible to fatal serious symptoms because of low immunity. With these goals in mind, this article includes substantial condemning descriptions of the majority of initiatives in order to create diagnostic tools for easy diagnosis. It also provides the reader with a multidisciplinary viewpoint on how traditional approaches such as serology and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) along with the frontline techniques such as clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas and artificial intelligence/machine learning have been utilized to gather information. The story will inspire creative new ways for successful detection therapy and to prevent this pandemic among a wide audience of operating and aspiring biomedical scientists and engineers.

Understanding unmet needs after young stroke: A codesign project to develop a screening tool

Background & Aims: Young stroke survivors (YSS) report unmet needs related to age and life stage that stroke services often overlook. Researchers, advisers with lived experience, and clinicians collaborated to develop the "Young Stroke Unmet Needs Screening Tool". Method(s): Mixed-method codesign project conducted in three phases: 1. Literature review conducted and workshop held with 12 advisers (8 YSS, 4 clinicians) to develop initial tool content. 2. Online survey conducted to examine YSS preferences for methods of meeting needs, and gain feedback on tool's usability and content. 3. A version was then developed for people with communication or cognitive impairment using Principles of Supported Conversation for Adults with Aphasia, and cognitive strategies. Semi-structured interviews and focus groups held to further develop and test both versions. Result(s): 171 online survey responses (68% female, mean age 45 years, IQR 36-51). Respondents' demographic and stroke-related characteristics influenced preferences for methods of meeting needs, including face-to-face contact with professionals, peer support and succinct tip sheets. Interviews and focus groups were held online due to COVID, with 20 YSS (age 24-53yrs, 60% reported cognitive impairments and 80% had mild to moderate-severe language limitation), and 10 family members. Recruitment of people with more severe language limitations required personal invitation rather than advertising via social media or stroke groups. The tools include six domains (Body and Mind, Emotions, Information, Daily Life, Relationships, Social) covering 53 potential needs. Also included is a distress thermometer. Use of the tool was strongly endorsed for both versions. Conclusion(s): These new unmet needs screening tools could be used to identify service needs for young stroke survivors, including those with cognitive and/or communication difficulties. The tools are now being used in a large study to identify care pathway requirements, to inform the development of a bespoke health service for young stroke survivors.